Start with two separate totals
A cricket scorecard records both the team's progress and each batter's contribution. Those are related totals, but they are not the same thing. Runs recorded as extras belong to the team without becoming an individual batter's runs. When adding up a scorecard, check its extras line before assuming that the numbers are inconsistent.
Follow what the ball touched
Byes can arise when a delivery that is not a wide passes the striker without touching the bat or body, and runs or a boundary result. Leg-byes involve contact with the striker's body and require the umpire to consider whether the striker tried to play the ball with the bat or avoid being hit. Merely allowing a ball to hit a pad does not automatically create valid leg-byes.
Separate the penalty from the shot
The wide penalty, completed runs and any boundary allowance from a wide are recorded as wides; separate five-run penalties keep their own category. A no-ball also carries a one-run penalty, but runs struck with the bat are credited to the batter separately. Thus a hypothetical no-ball hit for an ordinary four can add five to the team total: four to the batter and one as the no-ball penalty. This is an illustration, not a live score.
Read the labels, not just the size
Scorecards commonly shorten these categories to b, lb, wd and nb, and may also list penalty runs. Look for the site's legend because presentation varies. A large extras total alone does not explain what happened; the breakdown and the official scoring decisions supply the useful context.
Factual references
MCC official source 1 ↗MCC official source 2 ↗MCC official source 3 ↗Original explanatory writing. No official text, images, video or live-score feed is reproduced. References do not imply endorsement.